Abstract: The component characteristics and statistical structure of the 4th(230～270℃) and 5th (270～340℃) distiled fractions of a kind of low temperature tar were studied using GC-MS. The studies on component characteristics showed that (1) the compounds in the distilled fractions can be classified into paraffinic compounds and non-paraffinic compounds. The average molecular weight of the paraffinic compounds for 4th distilled fraction in which there is a few olefinic compounds, and 5th distilled fraction is 280.2 and 296.7 respectively. (2) the non-paraffinic compounds in the 4th distilled fraction was mainly dominated by phenols 22.44% and substituted naphthalene 62.73%. The non paraffinic compounds in the 5th distilled fraction was mainly composed of phenols 8.69%, aromatic radical alcohol 42.53% and polyalkyl and alkosy substituted aromatic 28.67%. The details of the components in the specific tar have made a base for the utilization of the tar. In the studies on the statistical structure two statistical average molecular models were constructed. They are dimethyl phenylindene and dimethyl naphthalenol for non-PC of 4th and 5th distilled fractions.