Abstract: From the perspective of the manager of large precision and valuable instruments, it is found that there are some problems in the current equipment management, such as weak demand, hasty procurement, insufficient system promotion and weak secondary utilization of instruments, and etc. The whole life cycle of large precision and valuable instruments were explained thoroughly in micro-level with "four maximums" and "four minimums". In the "lifetime" of large precision and valuable instruments, continuous operation can be realized to maximize the openness, function, sample number, and service life, while minimize the maintenance and consumables cost, man-made damage and user complaints. The realization degree of "four maximums" and "four minimums" were used to judge and restrict all aspects involved in the management of large precision and valuable instruments, and to assess the management personnel of large precision and valuable instruments. "Four maximums" and "four minimums" are the value and significance of the existence of large precision and valuable instruments, which are dialectical unity and indispensable. It is necessary to continuously optimize and adjust from the aspects of equipment procurement, installation and debugging, instrument management, repair and maintenance, sample testing, and etc. The management personnel should be devoted to the management of instruments, and finally realize the value of the whole life cycle of large precision and valuable instruments.