Abstract: In order to study the components and mechanism of volatile oil from Papaver somniferum sp. hydbr. Ziban for anti-cough, expectorant, and asthma, the components of volatile oil from Papaver somniferum sp. hydbr. Ziban has been analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the active ingredient targets have been screened by Pubchem and Swiss Target Prediction database. The disease targets related to anti-cough, expectorant, and asthma were searched in the GeneCards database. The intersection genes were extracted by the online Venn. The component-target-disease network graph was built using a Cytoscap 3.7.1 software to screen the key components. The protein interaction network was constructed by a String database to screen the core targets. The enrichment analysis of Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway was achieved by the DAVID database. The results showed that twenty-eight chemical components were identified by GC-MS, and 259 targets corresponding to 20 active components were obtained by the virtual screening. Through the network pharmacology the essential oil of Papaver somniferum sp. hydbr. Ziban plays a therapeutic role for anti-cough, expectorant, and asthma through the key targets such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MAP kinase 1 (MAPK1), and then synergistically regulates tumor pathways, neural ligand-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and other pathways is predicted. The study provides a reference and guidance for the further study on the mechanism and the volatile oil from Papaver somniferum sp. hydbr. Ziban in the treatment of disease of respiratory system.