Abstract: Scientific progress is inseparable from the development of scientific instrument technology. Independent research and development of scientific instrument has become a strong driving force to promote technological innovation and is an important platform for people to cultivate talents. Major high-tech breakthroughs such as spaceship launch, aircraft carrier manufacturing and Beidou Navigation are inseparable from China's own high-end scientific research instruments. Scientific and technological innovation has become a strategic support for nations to enhance their overall national strength. China has a great market demand for scientific research instruments every year, but imported instruments account for 70%, and some high-end instruments are 100% dependent on imports. As the core technologies and key components of high, precision and advanced scientific instruments are blocked by foreign countries, the high-end scientific instruments developed in China lose their international competitiveness. In view of the above phenomena, through the analysis of the current situation of domestic scientific research instruments, how to strengthen the national innovation guidance to speed up the development of high-quality domestic scientific research instruments, so as to enhance the competitiveness in the international market, and finally achieve the "import substitution" is discussed.