Abstract: Roses have important ornamental and medicinal values.The main chemical components are rose essential oils, flavonoids, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, etc.Rose has the effects of myocardial protection, anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-virus, sedative, hypnotic, regulating blood lipids, and lowering blood sugar.Rose essential oil is an irreplaceable raw material for high-quality perfumes, spices and cosmetics, and its extraction process is the focus of industrial research.In this article the chemical components and biological activities of roses was reviewed, and the extraction process, components and biological activities of rose essential oil was focused on, which provides a reference for the future research and development of rose, especially rose essential oil.