复合淀粉-丙烯酰胺聚合物在秦始皇帝陵和汉阳陵土遗址脱盐中的应用

Application of Composite Starch-Acrylamide Polymer in Desalination of Earthen Site at Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum and Yang Mausoleum of Han Dynasty Sites

摘要: 制备了一种复合淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺高分子聚合物（St-PAM）.经红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等方法表征发现，淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚形成具有多层片状、尖锐断面及多重孔道的大比表面积的聚合物.同时，吸水性能测试表明其具有良好的吸水耐盐性能.将材料应用于秦始皇帝陵K9901陪葬坑及汉阳陵地下遗址进行脱盐示范，结果表明，吸水脱盐材料对试验区域表面土层主要成盐离子Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-的移除率分别达到70%和90%左右，对含量较少的其他盐类离子，如Na⁺、NO₃^-等也有明显效果.

Abstract: A composite starch-acrylamide polymer(St-PAM) was prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy(IR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicated that starch grafted acrylamide copolymer has multilayer flack, shape cross section and multi tunnels structures, and high surface area and effective water and salt absorption performance. When it was used to remove the salt ions in earthen sites at Emperor Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Yang Mausoleum of the Han Dynasty, satisfied desalting results were obtained that 70% Ca²⁺ ion and 90% SO₄^2- ion were removed from sites surface, respectively obvious effect also achieved for the other ions in earthen sites, such as Na⁺and NO₃^- etc.